Disney World is actually comprised of four theme parks (as well as two water parks, two shopping/dining/entertainment areas, and more than 20 resort hotels). But what I think you're asking about is transportation to the Magic Kingdom park.
The resorts that have monorail access to the Magic Kingdom are the Contemporary, Polynesian, and the Grand Floridian. There is also direct boat access to the MK from the Wilderness Lodge and Fort Wilderness. The other Disney resorts have free bus service to the Magic Kingdom. You are welcome to ride on the monorail regardless of where you are staying. If you are staying at one of the above hotels and want to visit the other parks, there is also free transportation available.
There are character meals in all four of the theme parks as well as the Contemporary, Polynesian, Grand Floridian, Beach Club, the Swan, and Fort Wilderness. You don't have to be staying at any particular hotel to have a meal with the Disney characters. Even guests staying off-property are able to make a character dining reservation. You can find out more about this
HERE and by calling Disney Dining at 407-WDW-DINE.
As a first step in your planning, I think it would help you if you flipped through a good basic guide book about Disney. The most comprehensive guide is the Unofficial Guide to Walt Disney World. The easiest to read is Birnbaum's Official Guide to Disney World. Both are readily available at bookstores and on amazon.com.