Hi Kristyn!
Disney generally classify their restaurants into 2 categories: table service and quick service.
Table service is more of the traditional setting, where you walk up, get seated, have a waiter or waitress serve you, get check, etc.
Quick service is more of the "in-and-out" setting, where you place your order, and either they begin making it right away or give you a buzzer, where you wait for a few minutes. This probably takes half the time of a table service, and sounds like more of what you may be interested in.
Click the link here. This will take you to the restaurants link. Under "Dining Experience," put a check mark next to "Quick Service" and this will give you a list of all available Quick Services in the various parks.
At each of the parks, there are also outside food carts, where you can purchase things like pretzels, turkey legs, cotton candy, etc.
Best wishes on all your Disney planning!