Hi there, Danielle!
What a great question!
The best folks to address this question are found at Walt Disney World Resort
Passholder Program. Intrigued as I was, I gave them a call at (407) 560-PASS. and came away with what I hope is some good information for you.
The magnetic strip on the back of your Pass holds an incredible amount of information. And yes, that does include a record of your visits!
All you need to do is visit any ticket window or Guest Relations counter/office at one of the Parks or at Downtown Disney -- anywhere, really, where a card can be swiped and read. The Cast member who swipes it will be able to pull up a record of all of your visits - what day, what Park/s, what times.
While this will likely not be a printable document, you are welcome to bring with you paper/pen, tablet, phone. etc. and take the information down for your records.
Happy hunting!
see you later, celebrator,
-Deborah B.